Time-varying association of second primary malignancy and long-term survival outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer

A high risk of developing second primary malignancy (SPM) has been reported among head and neck cancer patients. Here, we aimed to statistically quantify the impact of SPM development on the survival of head and neck cancer patients. Our study was conducted using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database to collect the data of 48 316 patients who received curative surgical resection for initial primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (IP-HNSCC) in 1975 to 2019. SPM diagnosis was treated as a time-varying covariate and multivariable Cox regression analysis was conducted to estimate the association between SPM development and survival, overall or by the subsite of IP-HNSCC. Of the included patients, 11 238 patients (23.3%) developed SPM during the follow-up period. A significant reduction in survival was observed among patients with SPM (hazard ratio [HR] for overall survival, 3.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.20-3.41). The impact of SPM development on reduced survival was more significant in patients with localized IP-HNSCC vs regional IP-HNSCC (HR_OS, 3.41; 95% CI: 3.24-3.6 vs HR_OS, 3.18; 95% CI: 3.05-3.31; P for interaction <.001). The survival impact of SPM development was more evident in younger patients than in older patients. SPM in lung and bronchus was associated with the most pronounced reduction in survival, overall and across all subsites of HNSCC. Our results indicated that SPM development led to a significant reduction in survival. A greater survival benefit may be achieved through intensive surveillance for SPM in lung and bronchus targeting younger patients and those with localized HNSCC.     

电针联合右美托咪定对骨科老年患者术中应激的影响研究

目的：探讨电针联合右美托咪定对老年骨科患者术中应激的影响。方法：选取拟行手术治疗的老年下肢骨折患者56例为研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为单纯全麻组、电针复合全麻组（简称复合电针组）、右美托咪定复合全麻组（简称复合右美组）及电针联合右美托咪定复合全麻组（简称针药复合组），各14例。记录各组各时间点血压、心率、血氧饱和度等各项监护指标，术前、术后神经心理学指标（简易智力检查评分和疼痛视觉模拟评分）及各时间点血糖水平，术中心血管活性药物使用情况及患者住院天数。结果：术后各时间点针药复合组简易智力检查评分高于单纯全麻组（P＜0.05）；术后72 h内，针药复合组疼痛评分低于其他三组（P＜0.05）；针药复合组术中循环系统指标及血糖水平更稳定；针药复合组术后意识恢复时间最短（P＜0.05）；四组术后呼吸恢复时间与住院天数比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；四组心血管活性药物使用率比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：老年骨科患者手术中采用电针联合右美托咪定治疗，能够稳定围术期血糖、术中循环系统指标水平，减少术后认知功能障碍发生率，显著降低术中应激水平。     

医院-家庭过渡期有氧运动对轻中度稳定期COPD的作用

目的 探讨医院-家庭过渡期有氧运动在轻中度稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者中的应用效果.方法 选取2017年7月至2019年7月该院就诊的轻中度稳定期COPD患者100例为研究对象,分为试验组和对照组,每组50例.在医院-家庭过渡期间,对照组给予常规药物处理及门诊呼吸功能训练、氧疗等,试验组在对照组的基础上给予有氧运动,治疗10周后比较2组肺功能、血气功能、6分钟步行试验(6 MWT)、日常活动能力(ADL)、呼吸困难评价(BS)评分、生活质量变化[采用圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)进行评估],并比较2组不良反应发生情况.结果 治疗10周后,试验组用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)及FEV1/FVC均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组动脉氧分压、6 MWT均显著高于对照组,二氧化碳分压显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).试验组ADL评分显著高于对照组,BS评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组呼吸症状、活动能力、疾病影响及SGRQ总分均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).2组均未出现心肌梗死、脑出血、心绞痛等严重不良事件.结论 医院-家庭过渡期有氧运动可显著提升轻中度稳定期COPD患者心、肺功能及日常生活能力,缓解呼吸困难症状,提高生活质量.     

Peripheral blood inflammatory markers in predicting prognosis in patients with COVID‐19. Some differences with influenza A

BackgroundTo evaluate the ability of peripheral blood inflammatory markers in predicating the typing of COVID‐19, prognosis, and some differences between COVID‐19 and influenza A patients.MethodsClinical data on 285 cases laboratory‐confirmed as SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were obtained from a Wuhan local hospital''s electronic medical records according to previously designed standardized data collection forms. Additional 446 Influenza A outpatients’ hematologic data were enrolled for comparison.ResultsNLR, SII, RLR, PLR, HsCRP, and IL‐6 were significant higher and LMR was lower in severe COVID‐19 patients than in mild COVID‐19 patients (p < .001). PLR and LMR were lower in the individuals with influenza A than those with COVID‐19 (p < .01). COVID‐19 patients with higher levels of NLR, SII, RLR, PLR, HsCRP, and IL‐6 and lower LMR were significantly associated with the severe type. AUC of NLR (0.76) was larger while the specificity of IL‐6 (86%) and sensitivity of HsCRP (89%) were higher than other inflammatory markers in predicating the typing of COVID‐19. PT had obvious correlation with all the inflammatory markers except RPR. NLR showed positive correlations with AST, TP, BUN, CREA, PT, and D‐dimer. Patients with high IL‐6 levels have a relatively worse prognosis (HR = 2.30).ConclusionPeripheral blood inflammatory markers reflected the intensity of inflammation and associated with severity of COVID‐19.NLR was more useful to predict severity as well as IL‐6 to predict prognosis of COVID‐19. PLR and LMR were initially found to be higher in SARS‐CoV‐2 virus‐infected group than in influenza A.     

The effects and acceptability of different exercise modes on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis

Introduction:Exercise has been believed to have positive effects on blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, few medical evidences have been found to ascertain which type of exercise has the best effect on blood glucose control in diabetes and which type of exercise is more acceptable. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects and acceptability of different exercise modes on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients by using systematic review and network meta-analysis.Methods and analysis:Relevant randomized controlled trial studies will be searched from PubMed, EMbase, CochraneCENTRAL, CNKI, VIP, and Chinese medical paper libraries. Primary outcome indicators: glycosylated hemoglobin and dropout rate of the research (number of dropouts/numbers of initially enrolled subjects). Secondary outcome measures: fasting blood glucose, body weight, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), diastolic pressure, systolic pressure (SBP). Two reviewers are arranged to screen Title, Abstract, and then review full text to further extract data. Standard meta-analysis and network meta-analysis of the data are performed afterward. Methodological quality assessment is planned to be conducted using Cochrane risk of bias tool. The outcome will be analyzed statistically according to Bayesian analysis methods. After that, subgroup analysis is conducted on the duration of intervention, whether there is supervision of intervention, frequency of intervention per week, age, gender, and medication use.Trial registration number:PROSPERO CRD42020175181Discussion:The systematic review and network meta-analysis include evidence of the impact of different exercise modes on blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. There are 2 innovative points in this study. One is to conduct a classified study on exercise in as much detail as possible, and the other is to study the acceptability of different exercise modes. The network meta-analysis will reduce the uncertainty of intervention and enable clinicians, sports practitioners, and patients to choose more effective and suitable exercise methods.Ethics and dissemination:The findings of the study will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences and symposia. Further, no ethical approval is required in this study.     

随访数据信息化管理系统对超声医师诊断效能的影响

目的探讨随访数据信息化管理系统的构建，并研究该系统对超声医师诊断效能的影响。 方法回顾性分析2016年7月至2018年12月北京大学深圳医院的8951个病例，均经病理证实。采用分级诊断构建随访数据信息化管理系统。所有病例采用诊断等级（1~3级，每个等级细分为诊断符合与不符合）并进行诊断加权分评估。计算随访效率（随访每100个有效病例所需要的人员和时间）。超声医师诊断效能通过诊断等级、诊断符合率及诊断加权分评价。采用χ²检验比较随访数据信息化管理系统构建前后超声医师诊断等级、诊断符合率的差异，采用t检验比较诊断加权分的差异。 结果随访工作占用成本由随访系统构建前的5.2人时/100例降低至构建后的3.1人时/100例。随访数据信息化管理系统构建前、后诊断等级比较（1级/2级/3级∶21.0%/21.0%/58.0% vs 17.3%/23.9%/58.8%），差异有统计学意义（χ²=23.708，P＜0.001），构建后的诊断等级优于构建前，对病变良恶性作出判断病例（2级+3级）的构成比增加（82.7% vs 79.0%）。系统构建后1级、3级诊断符合率与系统构建前比较有所提高（83.8% vs 66.6%；87.8% vs 85.7%），差异均具有统计学意义（χ²=361.453、5.573，P＜0.001、=0.020）；2级诊断符合率比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。超声医师诊断加权分均值从3.93分提高至4.51分，差异具有统计学意义（t=-14.816，P＜0.001）。 结论随访数据信息化管理系统的构建能提高随访效率，并定量评价超声医师的诊断效能，通过系统反馈和校正的方式可提高超声医师的诊断效能。     

富媒体导课法在人体寄生虫学教学中的应用∗

为探讨富媒体导课(Rich-media Based Lead-in,RBL)教学法在临床医学专业人体寄生虫学教学中的应用效果,选取北京协和医学院2017级临床医学专业的86名学生作为研究对象,将RBL教学法应用于人体寄生虫学课程部分章节教学中,通过问卷调查评价教学效果.学生的反馈结果显示,RBL教学法可提升学生对人体寄生虫学课程的兴趣,促进学生对所学内容的理解与掌握,有助于鼓励学生主动学习与独立思考,从而提高课堂教学效率和教学质量.结果表明,RBL教学法有助于提高课堂教学效率和教学质量,值得深入研究与推广.     

Simultaneous Determination and Pharmacokinetics of Tetrandrine, Fangchinoline, and Cyclanoline in Rat Plasma by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry after Oral Administration of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix Extract

Objective: The objective of the study wasto develop a rapid and sensitive ultra?performance liquid chromatography?tandem massspectrometric method for the determination of tetrandrine, fangchinoline, and cyclanoline in rat plasma and to investigate their pharmacokinetics after oral administration of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix extracts. Methods: Sample pretreatment involved methanol pretreatment and liquid–liquid extraction of ethyl acetate from plasma with methanol. Tramadol was used as the internal standard. The analysis was performed using an high strength silica T3 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) and a gradient elution method consisting of mobile phase solution A (0.1% formic acid in water) and B (acetonitrile) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The detection was performed using a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in the multiple reaction monitoring mode and using an electrospray ionization source in the positive ionization mode. Results: High efficiency was achieved with an analysis time of 4 min/sample. The calibration curve linear in the concentration range of 1250 ng/ml (R2 ≥ 0.9900) and the lower limit of quantification is 1 ng/ml. The intraday and interday precision (relative standard deviation) values were lower than 9.4. Accuracy (relative error) was within 10.3% at all three quality control levels. Conclusions: This method was successfully applied in pharmacokinetics of tetrandrine, fangchinoline, and cyclanoline in rats after oral administration of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix extracts. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of tetrandrine, fangchinoline, and cyclanoline was 124.71 ± 16.08, 84.56 ± 3.28, and 57.61 ± 6.26 ng/ mL, respectively. The time to reach Cmax was 10.39 ± 3.04 for tetrandrine, 10.17 ± 3.04 for fangchinoline, and 6.40 ± 3.16 for cyclanoline. The pharmacokinetic results might help further guide the clinical application of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix.